How does a motor grader work?

How does a motor grader work? The main working device of the grader is the scraper. Can be equipped with a variety of replaceable surgical devices, mainly to complete soil leveling and plastic surgery. The grader is a multi-functional continuous operation type earthmoving construction machine.

The main function of the motor grader

  • Processing of highway base course, trimming of subgrade cross-section.
  • excavation, and widening of road grooves.
  • Trimming.
  • Clear the road from snow.
  • loosen the soil.
  • Construction and maintenance work such as mixing and paving road construction materials.

Classification of graders

There are two types of motor graders, towed and self-propelled.

Graders are classified by wheels

Six-wheel grader

  • 3 × 2 × 1 type – front-wheel steering rear-wheeler wheel drive;
  • 3×3×1 type – front-wheel steering, all-wheel drive;
  • 3×3×3 models – all-wheel steer, all-wheel drive.

Four-wheel grader

  • 2 × 1 × 1 type – front-wheel steering, rear-wheel drive;
  • 2×2×2 model – all-wheel steer, all-wheel drive.

Graders are classified by rack structure

Graders are classified by scraper length or engine power

Light graders, medium graders, heavy graders

Type

Scraper length(m)

Engine power(kw)

Weight(kg)

Number of wheels

light

<3

44~66

5000~9000

4

medium

3~3.7

66~110

9000~14000

6

heavy

3.7~4.2

110~220

14000~19000

6

Graders are classified by operation method

Construction of a grader

The self-propelled motor grader is mainly composed of an engine, a frame, a power transmission system, a traveling device, a working device, and a manipulation control system.

Motor Grader Drivetrain

The transmission system of the GR180 motor grader adopts the transmission form of engine, hydraulic torque converter, and power shift transmission.

Motor grader steering

The grader has three steering modes: deflection front wheel steering, deflection all-wheel steering, front-wheel steering, and articulated steering. Front-wheel steering and dumpling steering are currently commonly used steering methods, mainly used in articulated racks.

Calculation of Motor Grader Productivity

For cutting-based operations, productivity is generally calculated in terms of earthwork completed per hour;
For operations mainly based on-site leveling and paving, the operating capacity is generally calculated based on the construction area completed per hour.

How to use a grader scientifically

Choice of shovel angle

The scraper is the included angle of the cutting angle, which refers to the included angle between the scraper blade and the ground. Bucket size is generally determined by the type of job.

Scraper rotation angle selection

Scraper rotation angle refers to the angle between the scraping edge and the positive x-axis of the abscissa

Use the front wheel tilt

In addition to offsetting the lateral force on the machine, the tilt of the front wheel can also be used to fine-tune the cutting depth of the scraper during slope scraping to improve scraping accuracy.

For more technical information, please consult the online engineer

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3 Comments

  1. Very informative, good to know that Graders get to work after the heavier construction machinery – excavators or bulldozers – have finished their part of the job. They use a long bladed attachment to flatten surfaces, grade land, scarify layers, and compact roads to an easy gradient and give a finer finishing to the groundwork. Grader machines have a number of advantages over the more common construction equipment.

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